What are the major themes in the course?
- Science as a Process - Science is a way of knowing. It can involve a discovery process using inductive reasoning, or it can be a process of hypothesis testing.
- Evolution - Evolution is the biological change of organisms that occurs over time and is driven by the process of natural selection. Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth.
- Energy Transfer - Energy is the capacity to do work. Organisms are active (living) because of their abilities to link energy reactions to the biochemical reactions that take place within their cells.
- Continuity and Change - All species tend to maintain themselves from generation to generation using the same genetic code. However, there are genetic mechanisms that lead to change over time, or evolution.
- Relationship of Structure to Function - The structural levels from molecules to organisms ensure successful functioning in all living organisms and living systems.
- Regulation - Everything from cells to organisms to ecosystems is in a state of dynamic balance that must be controlled by positive or negative feedback mechanisms.
- Interdependence in Nature - Living organisms rarely exist alone in nature.
- Science, Technology, and Society - Scientific research often leads to technological advances that can have a positive and/or negative impacts on society as a whole.
How are the topics broken up on the AP exam?
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Molecules & Cells ------------------------------------------------ 25%
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Chemistry of Life ------------------------------------------7%
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Water
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Organic molecules in organisms
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Free energy changes
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Enzymes
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Cells----------------------------------------------------------10%
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Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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Membranes
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Subcellular organization
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Cell cycle and its regulation
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Cellular Energetics-----------------------------------------8%
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Coupled reactions
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Fermentation and cellular respiration
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Photosynthesis
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Heredity and Evolution---------------------------------------------25%
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Heredity-------------------------------------------------------8%
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Meiosis and gametogenesis
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Eukaryotic chromosomes
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Inheritance patterns
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Molecular Genetics------------------------------------------9%
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RNA and DNA structure and function
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Gene regulation
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Mutation
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Viral structure and replication
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Nucleic acid technology and applications
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Evolutionary Biology---------------------------------------8%
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Early evolution of life
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Evidence for evolution
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Mechanisms of evolution
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Organisms and Populations-----------------------------------------50%
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Diversity of Organisms------------------------------------8%
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Evolutionary patterns
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Survey of the diversity of life
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Phylogenetic classification
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Evolutionary relationships
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Structure and Function of Plants and Animals--------32%
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Reproduction, growth, and development
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Structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations
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Response to the environment
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Ecology-------------------------------------------------------10%
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Population dynamics
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Communities and ecosystems
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Global issues
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